Chronic Epstein-Barr infection detection (EBV) is through blood tests that measure antibodies to the virus, such as EBV-specific IgG and IgM antibodies. Additionally, a test called the EBV viral load test can be used to measure the amount of EBV DNA in a person’s blood, which can indicate a chronic infection. Other tests such as EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD) may also be used to detect chronic EBV infection. It is important to note that a positive test result for EBV does not necessarily mean that a person has a chronic infection, as the virus can remain dormant in the body for long periods of time. A healthcare professional should be consulted for proper evaluation and diagnosis.
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a herpes virus that is common and can cause a variety of illnesses. After primary infection, EBV remains in the body for life and can reactivate to cause recurrent symptoms or chronic infection.
Chronic EBV infection is defined as persistent or recurrent symptoms that are caused by the virus and last for at least six months. This can include symptoms such as fatigue, fever, muscle aches, swollen lymph nodes, and a sore throat.
To diagnose chronic EBV infection, healthcare professionals use a combination of tests including:
- EBV-specific IgG and IgM antibodies: These tests measure the presence of antibodies to EBV in the blood. IgG antibodies are produced after a primary infection and remain in the body for life, while IgM antibodies are produced during an acute infection. A positive result for both IgG and IgM may indicate a recent infection.
- EBV viral load test: This test measures the amount of EBV DNA in a person’s blood. A high viral load may indicate a chronic infection or reactivation of the virus.
- EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD): This is a blood test that measures the number of certain cells in the blood. An increased number of these cells may indicate a chronic EBV infection.
It is important to note that a positive test result for EBV does not necessarily mean that a person has a chronic infection. The virus can remain dormant in the body for long periods of time without causing symptoms. A healthcare professional should be consulted for proper evaluation and diagnosis.
Chronic EBV infection is not always easy to diagnose and treatment options are limited. The treatment often includes supportive care, such as rest, fluids, and pain relief. In some cases, antiviral medications may be used to reduce symptoms. Immunomodulatory therapy may also be considered for some patients with chronic EBV infection.